Age, Menopause, and Heart Failure

For More Information:

National Institute on Aging: Menopause – Time For A Change
ww.nia.nih.gov/HealthInformation/Publications/Menopause

Office on Women's Health – Understanding Menopause
www.womenshealth.gov/menopause

National Institute on Aging: Hormones & Menopause
www.niapublications.org/tipsheets/hormones.asp

F.D.A.: Menopause & Hormone Replacement Therapy

References

1. Lund LH, Mancini D. Heart failure in women. Med Clin North Am. Sep 2004;88(5):1321-1345.
2. Rosamond W, Flegal K, Furie K, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. Jan 29 2008;117(4):e25-146.
3. National Institute on Aging: Aging Hearts & Arteries--A Scientific Quest: National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services; April 2005.
4. Cheng S, Fernandes VR, Bluemke DA, Lima JA. Abstract 1752: Age-Related Differences in Left Ventricular Structure and Function: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Circulation. October 31, 2007;116II_370a.
5. Smulyan H, Asmar RG, Rudnicki A, London GM, Safar ME. Comparative effects of aging in men and women on the properties of the arterial tree. J Am Coll Cardiol. April 1, 2001;37(5):1374-1380.
6. Mitchell GF, Parise H, Benjamin EJ, et al. Changes in Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection With Advancing Age in Healthy Men and Women: The Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension. June 1, 2004;43(6):1239-1245.
7. Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Borlaug BA, Rodeheffer RJ, Kass DA. Age- and gender-related ventricular-vascular stiffening: a community-based study. Circulation. Oct 11 2005;112(15):2254-2262.
8. Ho KK, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. Oct 1993;22(4 Suppl A):6A-13A.
9. Schocken DD, Arrieta MI, Leaverton PE, Ross EA. Prevalence and mortality rate of congestive heart failure in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. Aug 1992;20(2):301-306.
10. MacIntyre K, Capewell S, Stewart S, et al. Evidence of improving prognosis in heart failure: trends in case fatality in 66 547 patients hospitalized between 1986 and 1995. Circulation. Sep 5 2000;102(10):1126-1131.
11. Stromberg A, Martensson J. Gender differences in patients with heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. Apr 2003;2(1):7-18.
12. Tandon S, Hankins SR, Le Jemtel TH. Clinical profile of chronic heart failure in elderly women. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. Sep-Oct 2002;11(5):318-323.
13. Halm MA, Penque S. Heart failure in women. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs. Fall 2000;15(4):121-133.
14. Kimmelstiel CD, Konstam MA. Heart failure in women. Cardiology. 1995;86(4):304-309.
15. Ilksoy N, Hoffman M, Moore RH, Easley K, Jacobson T. Comparison of African-American Patients With Systolic Heart Failure Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol. Sept 15 2006;98(6):806-808.
16. Masoudi FA, Havranek EP, Smith G, et al. Gender, age, and heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol. January 15, 2003;41(2):217-223.
17. Bursi F, Weston SA, Redfield MM, et al. Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure in the Community. JAMA. November 8, 2006;296(18):2209-2216.
18. Hogg K, Swedberg K, McMurray J. Heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. February 4, 2004;43(3):317-327.
19. Zile MR, Brutsaert DL. New Concepts in Diastolic Dysfunction and Diastolic Heart Failure: Part I: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Measurements of Diastolic Function. Circulation. March 19, 2002;105(11):1387-1393.
20. Rich MW, McSherry F, Williford WO, Yusuf S. Effect of age on mortality, hospitalizations and response to digoxin in patients with heart failure: the DIG study. J Am Coll Cardiol. Sep 2001;38(3):806-813.
21. Croft JB, Giles WH, Pollard RA, Keenan NL, Casper ML, Anda RF. Heart Failure Survival Among Older Adults in the United States: A Poor Prognosis for an Emerging Epidemic in the Medicare Population. Arch Intern Med. March 8, 1999;159(5):505-510.
22. Coylewright M, Reckelhoff JF, Ouyang P. Menopause and Hypertension: An Age-Old Debate. Hypertension. April 1, 2008;51(4):952-959.
23. National Institute on Aging: Menopause--Time For A Change: National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services; January 2008.
24. Fadini GP, de Kreutzenberg S, Albiero M, et al. Gender Differences in Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Cardiovascular Risk Profile: The Role of Female Estrogens. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. May 1, 2008;28(5):997-1004.
25. Wildman RP, Colvin AB, Powell LH, et al. Associations of endogenous sex hormones with the vasculature in menopausal women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Menopause. May-Jun 2008;15(3):414-421.
26. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative I. Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. July 17, 2002;288(3):321-333.
27. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, et al. Estrogen plus Progestin and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. N Engl J Med. August 7, 2003;349(6):523-534.
28. Lindenfeld J, Ghali JK, Krause-Steinrauf HJ, et al. Hormone replacement therapy is associated with improved survival in women with advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. October 1, 2003;42(7):1238-1245.
29. Reis SE, Holubkov R, Young JB, White BG, Cohn JN, Feldman AM. Estrogen is associated with improved survival in aging women with congestive heart failure: analysis of the vesnarinone studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. August 1, 2000;36(2):529-533.